Exploring Alienation and Identity Crisis: Analysis of Gregor Samsa’s Human and verminous existence in Franz Kafka’s Metamorphosis

Abstract

Franz Kafka's novella Metamorphosis has long fascinated readers with its profound exploration of existential themes, particularly the concepts of alienation and identity crisis. This research delves into the intricate portrayal of these themes through the character of Gregor Samsa, who undergoes a bizarre transformation from a human into a giant insect. Drawing from Kafka's narrative techniques and psychological insights, the research scrutinizes the alienation experienced by Gregor as he grapples with the physical and emotional consequences of his metamorphosis. Through a close reading of the text, supported by critical theory and literary analysis, the study examines how Gregor's transformed state becomes a metaphor for the estrangement felt by individuals in modern society. This paper analyzed the two phases of his life through the Lacan psychoanalytic triangle; the image, Symbolic and The Real. The study has unveiled Samsa’s major problem; his deficiency to communicate with others effectively to convey his feelings and emotions. Lacan triangle is broken from the Symbolic order in Samsa’s life as he is unable to use language and make a chain of signifiers to express his self to others. Furthermore, the research probes into Gregor's internal struggle with identity crisis, as he confronts the disintegration of his self-image and the shifting perceptions of those around him. By exploring the psychological dimensions of Gregor's transformation, the study sheds light on the profound existential questions raised by Kafka regarding the nature of human identity and belonging.