Pakistan Journal of Multidisciplinary Innovation

Perceived Social Support and Loneliness as Influencing Factors of Mental Well-Being in Adults

Mehak Shams, Muhammad Naveed Khan — Wed, 09 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Mental health is a significant aspect of the general health, and social factors have a profound impact on it. Among them, the sense of loneliness and the perceived social support play a very significant role in the psychological outcomes. This paper has examined the relationship between the mental health of people, their loneliness and the perceived social support of the people. The data collection was carried out through a cross-sectional survey that involved 200 individuals aged above 18 years and below 65 years. They were standardized instruments such as the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the UCLA Loneliness Scale and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS). The Pearson correlation analysis has shown that there is a significant positive correlation between mental well-being and perceived social support, but the relationship between loneliness and mental well-being is significant and negative. The findings reveal the detrimental effect of loneliness on the mental health of adults and the possibility of social support to prevent loneliness. Mental health may be enhanced through interventions that augment social support groups and reduce loneliness.

Smart Irrigation Technologies and Water Efficiency in Pakistan’s Agriculture Sector

Muhammad Saad Khan, Jahanzeb Choudhary, Muhammad Muzammil Asghar — Wed, 27 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Smart irrigation technologies are a groundbreaking paradigm in water management of agriculture, which can solve two problems: water shortage and irrigation systems inefficiency in the traditional system. In Pakistan, where agriculture consumes more than 90 percent of the freshwater resources at hand but is characterized by an old irrigation system and other climatic stressors, the integration of precision and smart irrigation could be of great potential in improving the level of water use efficiency, crop productivity, and sustainability. This article analyses the evolution, how, and the effects of smart irrigation technologies that include Internet of Things (IoT) architectures, soil moisture sensors, and precision timing and renewable energy-driven irrigation systems on water conservation and agricultural productivity in Pakistan. Based on the empirical studies and current innovations, this study places smart irrigation in the wider context of the region in the attempt to reduce water scarcity and enhance agricultural performance. The paper also identifies opportunities and challenges to extensive adoption, such as: technological capacity, cost factors and policy bottlenecks. With precise evaluation, it gives grounds of the fact that smart irrigation can contribute heavily to lowering wastage of water, as well as increasing crop yields highlighting its applicability in terms of national and regional agricultural policies.

Parenting Styles and Emotional Development in Pakistani Families

Palwasha Nasir, Iram Naeem — Tue, 16 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Parenting is considered an important and determining factor in the emotional growth of the children in that they have an influence on the cognitive, social, and psychological development of the children. Authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and neglectful parenting styles give different environments that influence how children manage their emotions, learning to be empathetic and cope with social life. Pakistan has had its cultural values and family structure that interacts with parenting practices, and their interaction has produced distinct dynamics in an emotional development. This paper will look at the connection between parenting styles and emotional outcome in Pakistani families, and how the parental behaviors, styles of discipline, and emotional support impact in ensuring emotional regulation of children, their resilience, and general well-being of children. Through these associations, the study will educate family based interventions, educational and policies which will support healthy emotional development within Pakistani cultural norms.

Balancing Robustness and Efficiency: A Performance–Security Model for Post Quantum Cryptography in Edge IoT Ecosystems

Dur-E-Adan, Daniyal Zaheer, Muhammad Amir — Sat, 08 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The impending realization of quantum computing is a threat to the underlying security model of traditional cryptographic infrastructure, especially on the one based on Internet of Things (IoT) and edge computing setups. The post quantum cryptography (PQC) provides quantum resistant protocols that ensure quantum security against a combination of both classical and future quantum attackers, but adopting this technology in edge IoT ecosystems faces serious challenges in terms of resource limitations of low power devices. The paper suggests a performance-security model of PQC in edge IoT explaining the tradeoff between cryptographic robustness and operation efficiency. This model is a synthesis of empirical research in the recent field which looking at the performance of PQC algorithms on limited hardware, the integration issue with lightweight communication protocols, and strategic options such as algorithm optimization, hardware acceleration, hybrid cryptographic schemes, and offloading methods. The objectives of these strategies are to achieve the acceptable latency and energy consumption with the guarantee of quantum resilient security. The framework proposed helps decision making among researchers and practitioners who aim at implementing PQC on distributed resource limited IoT networks. Lastly, the paper also determines the research gaps and future directions to the achievement of scalable, efficient, and robust PQC enabled edge IoT ecosystems.

Class Differences and Social Mobility in Developing Societies

Tayyaba Mumtaz, Nosheen Akhtar, Shan-e-Zehra — Sun, 21 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The subject of cross-class variance and social mobility in developing countries is a major research topic because the structural inequalities, historical backgrounds, and socio-economic dynamics allow people to understand the opportunities and limit them in rising to higher levels. Although according to theories of stratification and mobility, education, occupation, and merit could help in facilitating social mobility, developing contexts do tend to bring forth endemic obstacles such as economic disparities, labor market stratification, and socio-cultural stratifications. This paper examines the interaction between the structures of classes and social mobility, in relation to the impacts of education, gender, labor markets and public policies. Through examination of these aspects, this paper gives a limitation and opportunity of social mobility and the need to employ all policy interventions as a way of mitigating inequality and enhancing inclusive growth.