Zakariya Journal of Social Science

Relationship between Flexible Work Hours and Job Satisfaction among Female Bank Employees in Multan

2026-01-01T16:04:36+00:00

The dynamism of working practices in modern settings has highlighted the significance of flexible work practices as a measure of employee satisfaction and motivation towards productivity. This paper explores the connection between job satisfaction and flexible work hours among women employees in Multan bank of Pakistan. As more women are joining the banking industry, companies are appreciating the need to have flexible schedules in order to juggle work and family matters. The quantitative research design was utilized and a structured questionnaire was used to gather information on 120 female employees at various banks in Multan. The analysis of the data was carried out through the descriptive statistical analysis, correlation, and regression to establish the effect of flexible working arrangements on job satisfaction. The results show that there is a strong positive correlation between flexible working hours and overall work satisfaction, which implies that the more employees have the opportunity to control their working schedules, the more motivation, engagement, and commitment to the organization are reported. The paper highlights how flexible work policy can facilitate employee well-being, work-life conflict, and retention. The human resource management implication is the designing of effective flexible scheduling policies, gender-sensitive practices, and integrating flexible work arrangement as a strategic instrument to improve the satisfaction of the employees and the organization performance.

Role of Islamic Teachings in Promoting Environmental Responsibility in Pakistan

2026-01-01T16:08:06+00:00

Environmental degradation is a growing concern in Pakistan, resulting from rapid population growth, deforestation, pollution, climate change, and mismanagement of natural resources. Islamic teachings provide a comprehensive ethical framework that emphasizes stewardship (khilāfah), accountability, moderation (wasatiyyah), and the protection of all living beings. This paper explores how Islamic principles can promote environmental responsibility in Pakistan by guiding individual behavior, shaping community attitudes, and influencing state-level environmental policies. By integrating Islamic values with contemporary environmental strategies, Pakistan can foster a sustainable and morally responsible approach to ecological conservation. The study highlights Quranic injunctions, Hadith literature, and scholarly interpretations relevant to environmental ethics, demonstrating their applicability in modern Pakistani society.

Role of Media in Shaping Public Opinion on Climate Change in Pakistan

2026-01-01T16:10:41+00:00

The issue of climate change has turned out to be one of the most urgent in the world that affects the ecological, economic, and social processes to a great extent. The presence of climate related disasters such as floods, heat waves and melting of glaciers has increased the scale of the concern among people in Pakistan but there is vast variation in the awareness among population and perception of the problems. Information and discussion as a significant source of media can be instrumental in shaping the opinion of individuals and mobilizing society to deal with the issues of climate. The current paper is concerned with the issue of how the media (television, newspapers, radio and digital media) can influence the awareness of individuals, attitudes and behavioral intentions regarding the climate change issue in Pakistan. The analysis of media contents and literature review, through the study, identifies the potential of media in relaying the climate science, in framing environmental risks and in providing proactive behaviors in connection with environmental risks. Based on the results, media can highly influence knowledge and attitudes, yet the attitude to the problem connected with climate, application of sensationalism, and the lack of equal access to information can also affect the perceptions in some minor ways. The efficacy of media can be optimized through appropriate scientific reporting of the message, which is sensitive to the culture and location to make the population more interested in action on climate.

Role of Women Entrepreneurs in Poverty Reduction: Evidence from South Punjab

2026-01-01T16:12:55+00:00

Women entrepreneurs are crucial towards promoting economic growth and poverty reduction especially in those areas that have less resources as it is the case of South Punjab in Pakistan. This paper focuses on the issue of women-led businesses, their effects on household income, job creation, and empowerment of communities in Multan and Bahawalpur districts. The data on 180 female entrepreneurs were gathered on primary data and through the analysis, descriptive statistics and regression were used to evaluate the correlation between female entrepreneurship and poverty reduction. The results indicate that women entrepreneurs have a great impact on increasing household income, creating new jobs, and developing the local economy. The findings present the relevance of specific policies to empower women entrepreneurs in access to finance, entrepreneurial education, and market access to enhance sustainable reduction of poverty in the area.

Urbanization, Energy Use, and CO₂ Emissions in Pakistan: A Time-Series Analysis

2026-01-01T16:15:42+00:00

The last decades have become the years of urbanization, increased energy usage, and increased CO2 emissions, which become the key environmental issues in Pakistan. As the population moves more and more to urban centres, there has been a significant increase in the need of energy intensive infrastructure, transport, and industrialism, which has led to a consistent increase in greenhouse gas emissions. This paper analyses the dynamic relationship between urbanization and energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Pakistan in terms of a time-series econometric model. To study the stationarity, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test is used and subsequently, the ARDL bounds testing method is used to estimate the long-run cointegration. Elasticities of the short-run and long-run are estimated and diagnostic tests provide reliability of the model. The results indicate that urbanization and energy use have extensive positive impacts on the long-term CO2 emission, whereas the short-term changes are explained by the changes in energy use. Long-run equilibrium is confirmed by the introduction of a high error correction term. These findings stress the importance of sustainable urban planning, clean energy transitions, and energy-saving technologies as the government of Pakistan tries to balance the economic growth and environmental sustainability.